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\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0636\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646<br>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"356\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eng.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/5366301975970446315.jpg?resize=640%2C356&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eng.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/5366301975970446315.jpg?resize=1024%2C570&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eng.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/5366301975970446315.jpg?resize=300%2C167&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eng.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/5366301975970446315.jpg?resize=768%2C428&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eng.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/5366301975970446315.jpg?w=1280&amp;ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 2% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 Elsevier. \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0636\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 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